Merchandising in sports marketing.

Merchandising in sports marketing. Merchandising is defined as all the activities having to do with the right merchandise at the right price at the right quantities at the right time in the right place with the proper controls. Marketing is the commercial functions involved in transferring goods from producer to consumer. By combining the aspects of merchandising and marketing into a sports spectrum, sports merchandising is the way professional sports teams and organizations market and deliver their products to the consumer. The vast majority of the marketing effort for sports team is accomplished through the playing of the teams' games. Professional sports are able to create an incredible amount of exposure during their games because their uniforms, team colors, and logos are on display for the course of the game to both those in attendance, and the people watching the game on television. Teams use different tactics and marketing maneuvers to increase interest and sales in their apparel.English: A sample NFL schedule We will focus on the merchandising efforts of the National Football league (NFL), the leader in professional sports organizations in merchandising. We will look at the overall merchandising effort as well as how the league markets itself through various different avenues.When looking at the merchandising effort of professional sports teams, you must look at the top dog in this, the National Football League (NFL). Football is king in the industry for many reasons, none larger than the vast popularity and viewing of the sport. In a survey by ESPN/Chilton sports, two-thirds of all Americans consider themselves to be football fans. Maybe even more shocking is the fact that forty-three percent of all women consider themselves to football fans. When looking at the definition for merchandising, we can evaluate the NFL using the 5 "right" of merchandising. In looking at the 5 "rights," we begin...

Operation Thriller, a Free Writing Competition

Operation Thriller, a Free Writing Competition Operation: Thriller, a Free Writing Competition A month or so ago, we had a nice chat with Monica Landers, the CEO of Authors.me, a cool startup looking to facilitate the submissions and acquisitions process for authors, agents, and publishers alike.We’ve been wanting to run a writing competition for a quite a bit, and Authors.me provided the perfect platform for us and our judges to handle the submissions and go through them. So we decided to finally do it and launch our first writing contest, Operation: Thriller, together with them.UPDATE:  As of 2018, we now run a weekly writing competition here at Reedsy! Click here to enter, and check out this directory for 300+ more writing contests around the web!  Ã°Å¸ â€ How to enter the writing competitionThe contest is open to all US and UK authors, and you don’t have to pay a thing because there is no entry fee. The only thing required is that you have written a thriller novel (i.e. a work of fiction of 60,000 to 90,000 words). The story must be for an adult audience and have a thriller intrigue as main component. Cosy crime or cosy mystery novels will not be accepted.. Paranormal or speculative fiction elements are allowed as long as the thriller intrigue stays predominant. For example, if yours is the first book of a dystopian trilogy, we won’t accept it, even if it’s fast-paced. However, we will accept techno-thrillers.If you have any doubts, feel free to ask here in the comments, or alternatively go ahead and submit, you’ve got nothing to lose after all! To submit, just head over to the writing competition’s landing page and click on â€Å"Enter the Competition†. You’ll be using the Authors.me platform to upload your book and fill in the details (metadata) about it, which makes it both easier for you to submit, and for the judges to review!You have until March 31st to submit your entry.The judges and the review processAfter that deadline, we will give our judges one month to go through the submissio ns to pick the three winners. You will be evaluated on all the usual elements of your craft by four seasoned professionals who do that for a living (read more about them here).Of course, special attention will be paid to the first few pages of your manuscript, so make sure that they're as strong as they can be before submitting! We'd recommend checking out our "query boot camp" column for advice on writing a thriller submission.We’re particularly happy to have two Reedsy editors among the four judges: ex Orion Books editor Joanne Glehill and ex Egmont Books commissioning editor Philippa Donovan, who both have extensive experience  in the thriller genre.The winners will be announced on May 9th, 2016.Awesome Reedsy and cash prizesWe have the chance to have some of the world’s best editors on the Reedsy marketplace, so we thought we’d allow the writing competition’s winners to benefit from their expertise – for free. We’ll be offering a free developmental edit to the first winner and a free editorial assessment to the runner-up.On top of this, Authors.me offers a free 1-year subscription to their premium service, Authors Discovery, to all 3 winners. Last but not least, there are up to $1,300 of cash prizes to grab.Here’s the exact break-out of the prizes for the three winners of the writing competition.Care to help us spread the word? Here's an easy for you 🙂 Check out this free Thriller Competition! #ThrillerWriter #writingcontest pic.twitter.com/3IcXtb90hr Enter the contest here! And if you have any questions, feel free to ask us in the comments. An "oh it's so cool you're doing this" will also be accepted in the comments 😉

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic management - Essay Example It continues to stipulate the rationale why china and India are the best-suited countries for management and investment sector. In the main body of the report, strategic development directions through FDI in china and India have been articulated clearly; this is through application of Ansoff Matrix, which features the consolidation, integration, diversification, market penetration and product development options (a table has been selected to analyze the general Ansoff matrix). The management report continues to discuss the organizational structure for both counties and stipulates the advantages and disadvantages for investment opportunities. NB, in this area, the report analyzes on infrastructure, risk and economic simulations, economic relations, FDI incentives and technological aspects. In the last part of this management report, we deal with the leadership and management aspects for application of Thomas cook strategic development directions. ... This analytical approach has been part of my option for better and quality assessment of directions that India should set up to increase its Direct Foreign Investment, one has to have a unique outlook to assist him deal with the diverse exchange royalties. I have decided to have a dynamic approach to the management prospects of the company Thomas Cook. Essential planning is required as one deal with these aspects of development strategies. My strategic development consists of future orientation, where the environment is deemed to change. One outlooks one the perceptions of the organization and how I want my company to be in future. My choice of development strategies concerns: technological, political, economical, the environmental conditions and on dimensions of the social background. Both China and India have policies that assist one in the overall implementation of strategies and management of the FDI in the end, I am able to determine the level or china and India resources throug h development strategies and to the optimum level of resources of each country. Choice of development strategies also relies on the structure and resources of each country. Reassessments of company elements and modification of the economic investments in the countries should be in continuous strategic move. Choice of development strategies is also due to the strong economic and environmental ties between the two countries, one is encouraged to foster foreign direct investments in china due to openness in development and it instills continuous changing goals for investments. China sets good investments mechanisms all over the world to ensure

Public Policy & Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Policy & Administration - Essay Example For a better distinction between the two, leadership is defined as the process whereby, a leader influences his/her followers to achieve a common goal (Bertocci 5). Management is the act of exercising administrative and supervisory duties of a group or an organisation. It is apparent that due to continued innovation and competition, organisations, and groups need both effective managers and leaders in order to have successful operations. In this regard, leadership and management are similar in several ways. Firstly, they both argued to influence employees or constituents in a particular manner. For example, team leader with leadership qualities can be able to lead his/her group in a successful way. In most cases, studies have found that leaders with no leadership qualities tend to influence their followers in the way that results in low performance and incompetence. Similarly, a good manager with managerial skills tends to influence his/her group in a way that results into top result s, as opposed to when the group manager would be incompetent, and the results are poor performance due to lack of proper coordination (Bertocci 7). In both leadership and management, authority and power are manifested in both. ... Differences between leadership and management Even though there are similarities between the two, there are striking differences between the two. Firstly, management is often task oriented while leadership is considered to be more inspirational and visionary (Bertocci 9). In addition, management involves planning and budgeting, while leadership involves establishing direction. While management entails the establishment of agendas, leadership entails creating a vision. It is also apparent that management involves setting timetables, while leadership involves clarifying the big picture. In management, what follows setting timetables is the allocation of resources required to accomplish tasks while, in leadership, clarification of the big picture is followed by setting strategies. On another dimension, as management engages in organizing and staffing, leadership engages in aligning people. Management also involves the establishment of rules and procedures, while leadership involves buil ding teams and coalitions. In this regard, management seeks making job placement, while leadership seeks commitment. Another major difference is that, in management, controlling and problem solving is apparent, while motivating and inspiration is apparent in leadership (Bertocci 10). Section II Policy analysis Describe and identify at least one example of the ideological conflict many Americans have with their negative attitude toward the idea of a large and active government, but positive desire to provide individual, public programs such as education and health programs like Medicare. Mainly, large governments are associated with corruption and inefficiency. Many Americans have a

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Example for Free

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Art and music bring many cultures from all around the world together. Both express thoughts, emotions, stories, views, ideas, and opinions of human life. For instance, art is a form of expression as well as music. Moreover, music describe a person’s culture, life, feeling and hobbies as well as art. It is how people liberty to express themselves through music in whichever way they prefer. as well as art and what people confront on a daily basis. Furthermore, art and music has change over time and it has influence in the way we dress and dance. It also reflects on violence and drugs. Finally, have an extremely negative impact on the attitudes and behaviors of American youth. Music affects society now in days by influencing teens in the wrong way. For instance, music videos have made a humongous impact on the behavior of teens. Moreover, teens flaunt their bosoms around just because they see it on the videos so they portray the same image thinking that is the style. For example, Adriana, a cousin she dresses something similar to that and her response is that is what is in. Also, the way teens dance through music. For example, the songs Bring it, Donk, Ass by listening to this type of songs they start twerking dancing. In particular, a dance that teases and inappropriately moves. It consists of how you shake your behind. personality my perspectives about those move dances are inhuman. In addition, this type of songs has made an impact on the dances and it has everybody twerking. A dance that consist of shaking hips and bottom and bouncing up and down motion, causing to shake, wobble and jiggle . Another, huge impact would be the song and dance called The Twist it had have a tremendous impact back in the days. many people were against it but some were not. Foremost, John Johnson Jr. â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states. â€Å"Soon, the fad hopped generations, sweeping up the â€Å"Mad Men† set of swinging company men and their hip-shaking wives. Therefore, regardless if the song influences in an appropriate dance it is still going to be a big hit and it is going to have everybody dancing. Another, social message that is transmitting through music and art is the violence. For example, some friends would always-encountered dangerous scenes because of the designs imprinted on their clothes gang related as well as the music consisting of disrespecting others. onsequently, they were getting shoot at. In addition, my cousin Arthur was involved in the Mafia. He was kill in Mexico 3 years ago because of the music he used to listing to drugs as well as the clothes he used to were. His clothes had a picture of Mal Verde a major drug dealer. The drug music would inspire him to fight. He had a tragic death that was never solve he was kidnap and torture to death. In addition, many people are being influence in the drug life because of their admiration to those kinds of art as well as the music. On the other hand, it can inspire others to get out of that life style. For example, Biello, Johnson Jr. (â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states that â€Å"Biello, who hope the Twist would ease his exit from the Mob, never did get out. He was assassinated in 1967, in broad daylight in downtown Miami. The crime was never solved but was likely part of a power struggle in the top ranks of Mafia leadership. † Moreover, music and art is meant for uplifting and encouraging people yet over the years it has become degrading. Finally, the way it influences the teens today. The more aggressive the music, probably the more grumpy and rebellion they tend to get. The beauty of music has exploited into evil things. For instance, the music today such as rap and hip-hop has profanity and that is the type of music that teens listing today. Consequently, can be influential, and they will try to crazy things. In conclusion, art is music it is what gives life a meaning. For example, to share ideas, express feeling, tell a story It is what brings many different cultures together from all over the world. Weather it brings out good or bad messages it is still a form of art.

bankruptcy Essay -- essays research papers

The original Bankruptcy Act was enacted in 1878. Unlike European countries, American debtors were not punished in any way. Our founders viewed bankruptcy from a different perspective; therefore, they included a provision in the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to establish uniform bankruptcy laws. The primary purpose of the Bankruptcy Code is to provide debtors an opportunity for a ‘fresh start’. In order to have a fresh start the debtor is relieved from legal responsibility of past debts. Under the code, debtors are protected against abusive creditor activities. Once a voluntary or involuntary petition is filed, certain actions by creditors are suspended under automatic stay. Both secured and unsecured creditors are suspended from taking any action against the debtor or the debtor’s property. However, actions to recover child support or alimony are not suspended. In a situation in which there are both secured and unsecured creditors, there is a special interest in preventing creditors from obtaining an unfair advantage over other creditors. Unsecured creditors must file a ‘proof of claim’ this document states the amount of the creditor’s claim against the debtor. Secured creditors are not required to file a proof of claim unless the amount of claim exceeds the value of the collateral. Voidable transfers are another form of protection between creditors. Preferential transfers or liens made to a creditor by the debtor within 90 days before bankruptcy can...

History, Settlement Essay

As a city, Anchorage did not develop until relatively recently in American history. In fact, it was not incorporated until 1923. People had been living in Anchorage for many years before this, however. Like most of America, the area around Anchorage, Alaska was first populated as a trading post, due to the coastal waterways surrounding Anchorage. It was first populated as Captain Cook in 1778 was looking for the elusive Northwest Passage. The land upon which Anchorage stands was discovered on Captain Cook’s third attempt to find the Northwest Passage, and one of the arms of the inlet he mistook as a river, which he named River Turnagain. Later, George Vancouver renamed the inlet Turnagain Arm (Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, 2005). The Russians also heavily explored the area and setup trading posts throughout the area. The second factor for the location of Anchorage is the discovery of gold. In 1888, gold was discovered in the region, causing the Alaskan Gold Rush and bringing thousands of Americans to the area to find their fame and fortune. One of the most famous gold rush settlements was James Girdwood’s stake 40 miles south of Anchorage at the Crow Creek Mine. In 1912, Alaska became an official territory of the United States. The third reason for the present day location of Anchorage was the construction of the Alaskan Railroad. Anchorage was founded when the United States Congress commissioned the first railroad funded by the government and constructed across the Alaskan lands. In 1915 the route was established, and 2000 Americans flooded to the Ship Creek Valley to begin work on the railroad. On July 9, 1915 president Woodrow Wilson initiated the â€Å"Great Anchorage Lot Sale† where the first 600 plots of land in Anchorage were sold. Businesses spread along 4th avenue, and a school was built, thus creating the first metropolitan area of Anchorage (Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, 2005). In 1923, the Alaskan railway was finished, from Seward to Fairbanks, passing through Anchorage. The fourth reason Anchorage stands where it does today is because of the event of WWII and the threat of the Japanese and Russians. Anchorage and Alaska are strategically located close to Russia and Japan. In 1947 the government begins development of the Fort Richardson Army Post and the Elmendorf Air Force Base. During WWII, Alaska experienced a sharp growth in infrastructure and population during those years. Finally, the discovery of oil in Alaska in 1968 caused the most recent boom in Anchorage’s growth. In 1974 construction began on the trans-Alaska pipeline system, resulting in a modern day boom as the construction and engineering companies setup headquarters in Anchorage. Regional Context Anchorage is located in Southeast Alaska (see map below). It is bordered by the Chugach Mountains and glaciers to the east, the west and northwest by branches of Cook’s Inlet (the farthest north the Pacific Ocean reaches), Mount McKinley to the North, and the Kenai Peninsula to the south. There are over 40 active volcanoes to the Southwest of Anchorage, and the entire area is mountainous. In fact, in 1990, Mount Redoubt erupted, covering Anchorage in a 2 inch layer of volcanic ash (Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, 2005). Overall, the area of Anchorage is larger than Rhode Island.

Joseph Schumpeter

Initiative An individual or group takes the initiative. 2. Organization Resources are brought together in organization to accomplish some objective (or the resources in existing organization are reorganized) 3.Administration Those who took the initiative to take over the management of the operation 4. Relative Autonomy The initiators assume relative freedom to dispose of and distribute resources. 5. Risk taking The organization’s success or failure is shared by the initiator’s superiors and subordinates. Entrepreneurs are the backbone of our economy. The Philippines is an entrepreneurial country.Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), including micro-enterprises, account for 99 ppercent of all business establishments and 60 ppercent of the exporting firms in the Philippines. According to the Department of Trade and Industry, SME's currently employ about 55 ppercent of the Philippine labor force and contribute 30 ppercent to total domestic sales volume. Current problem s that Filipino entrepreneurs encounter today in setting up and maintaining their competitiveness in their community are the * inadequate access to technology * financing capital * marketing advice * logistical problemsTo further emphasize the importance of developing entrepreneurship education, a recent study by the Center for Asia Pacific Studies reveals, â€Å"out of every 100 children enrolled every year, 66 will complete elementary education, 42 will finish high school and only 14 will earn a college degree. † A study by Smart Communications adds,† only 7. 7% of graduates get employed†. This mearns that out of 100 children that goes to school, only one will end up getting a job. The importance of developing an innovative and entrepreneurial culture is a crucial part of the Philippines developed state future.Entrepreneurship directly leads to more business, more job opportunities and better quality of life. Starting and running a business can be a real option for young people, offering an alternative mearns of achieving both financial and personal independence. Supporting youth entrepreneurship can benefit both the Filipino Youth and the economy. It can: 1. create employment opportunities, through self-employment and by providing additional employment opportunities; 2. give young people a sense of meaning and purpose; 3. premote innovation and resilience in young people; and 4. help young people develop life skills.

Pen Names

Pen Names Pen Names Pen Names By Ali Hale A reader, who wishes to remain anonymous, uses his real name in his writing for a weekly newspaper, but is considering using a pen name for other work. He wrote: I have had heavy criticisms attached to my birth name, before my professional career [as a journalist] even started, and believe with a pen name I can have a fresh start. My question for you is this: When should a writer use a pen name? Should a writer use a pen name at all? What is a pen name? A â€Å"pen name† or â€Å"nom de plume† is a pseudonym used by an author. Sometimes it’s used to remain anonymous, but authors often don’t mind their pen names being known – they just use different names for their writing in separate genres, to avoid confusing their readers. Professionals in other creative fields also use pseudonyms, but these aren’t called pen names; for example, an actor taking on a different name is using a â€Å"stage name†. The phrase â€Å"nom de plume†, as explained by Maeve in French Words for Writers was adapted from the French â€Å"nom de guerre† – a fictional â€Å"war name†. Famous people with pen names Authors throughout the centuries have used pen names. You’ve probably heard of the following authors: George Orwell (real name Eric Arthur Blair) George Eliot (real name Mary Ann Evans) Lewis Carroll (real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) And many writers today use pen names. For example, Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum is the real name of Ayn Rand (she wrote the famous novel Atlas Shrugged, examining philosophical and political themes). Margaret Astrid Lindholm Ogden, a fantasy author, writes under two pen names: Megan Lindholm for her earlier, contemporary fantasy, and Robin Hobb for her epic, traditional fantasy books. Why use a pen name? Authors use pen names for a wide variety of reasons, which include: To remain anonymous (especially if producing a politically or religiously sensitive work) This is perhaps less common today, but sometimes occurs if a very personal or sexually explicit work is written. An example is the author Belle de Jour (who writes a blog Belle de Jour: diary of a London call girl and has had two books published based on the blog). Some people see this form of anonymity as a ploy to provoke media interest, as newspapers compete to discover the real identity of such authors. To change or conceal gender In the 18th century, many female authors used male pen names in order to be taken seriously. George Eliot is the most famous example, though the Bronte sisters all wrote under pen names too. This trend still continues in some genres today: for example, female fantasy or science fiction authors will often use a gender-neutral name (Robin Hobb) or use their initials (J.K. Rowling) as the genre has traditionally attracted more male readers and authors. A similar effect can be seen when male authors adopt a female pen name to write a chick lit or romance novel. To write across multiple genres Lewis Carroll also wrote mathematical textbooks under his real name (Charles Dodgson), so adopted a pen name for his children’s novels. Authors today who write in multiple genres will sometimes use a different name for each one, to avoid confusing readers. Others use alternative forms of their real name; for example, the author Iain Menzies Banks writes mainstream fiction under the name Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M Banks. To recover from poor sales or reputation If, as in the question from our reader above, an author’s real name has attracted criticism – it may be worth considering changing to a pen name. Sometimes, the first few novels by a new author don’t sell well in bookshops, leading publishers to reject future submissions: changing to a pen name is often recommended in these circumstances. Holly Lisle suggests, in her FAQs about writing: Authors whose first three or so books have returns of fifty percent or more are out of the game. Publishers will stop buying from them not just your current publisher, but also the other publishers you might hope to sell to.†¦ This is where pen names can be useful more than one author with bad numbers has started over with a new name, in essence becoming a first novelist again and acquiring a clean publishing history in the process. So should you use a pen name? If you are trying to build up a reputation in multiple genres, using a pen name (or several pen names) is probably a good idea. And if your real name (or current pen name) has attracted heavy criticism or negative publicity, switching to a new name could be a good way to recover. Even if people do know what your real name is, you’ll be referred to by your pen name and it’s likely that few people will make a connection with your previous writings. However, adopting a pen name means building up your reputation again from scratch – which could be a particular problem for freelance writers. You’ll still have all your experience and knowledge, but you may not want to use existing clippings of your writing which were published under your previous name. If you’re using a pen name in an attempt to remain anonymous, be aware that people are often insatiably curious when they suspect a secret – you may well be â€Å"discovered†. In some cases, this can lead to great publicity, but if your client or publisher suspects you of trying to conceal a less-than-stellar past, it may backfire. Ultimately, only you can decide whether it’s best for you to adopt a pen name or not. Many very successful authors have done so in the past, though, and many do today – so you’ll be in good company if you decide to use one! If you’ve written under a pen name – or even just considered using one – why not share your experience in the comments or on the Daily Writing Tips forum? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsHyphenation in Compound Nouns

Word Choice Accept vs. Except - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Accept vs. Except - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Accept vs. Except Many English words can seem confusing to those learning the language, but even native speakers sometimes get accept and except mixed up. This is because they sound similar, so despite differing in spelling it isn’t always obvious which you should use when writing. Yet the distinction is an important one, as accept and except have very different meanings. And since you’re likely to encounter both words fairly frequently, it’s worth familiarizing yourself with how they are used. Accept (Receive Willingly) The word â€Å"accept† typically means admit or receive something willingly. In the former case it means to understand something as true: After the experiment, Karen’s colleagues had to accept she was right. In terms of receiving something willingly, meanwhile, accept can refer to either tangible things: Bob accepted the package from the mail carrier. Or it can be used with more abstract things: She didn’t like it, but Shirley had to accept her fate. In addition, accept can also mean to say â€Å"yes† to something: Quivering with excitement, Frank accepted Jenny’s invitation. The common factor in all of these cases is consenting to something. Except (Excluding) The term â€Å"except† means â€Å"apart from† or â€Å"excluding.† Usually, it’s a preposition indicating that something is excluded from a general statement. Take this famous example from Oscar Wilde: I can resist everything except temptation. You can also use â€Å"except† as a conjunction meaning â€Å"but†: I would go shark fishing with you, except you need a bigger boat. Accept or Except? So, how to remember which of accept or except to use in any given situation? It can help to focus on the start of these words, especially â€Å"except†: the â€Å"ex-† at the beginning of â€Å"except† is the same as at the start of â€Å"exclude,† which makes it easier to remember that â€Å"except† means â€Å"to leave out† or â€Å"other than.† Hopefully this guide has helped you to understand the difference between accept and except. And don’t forget that further advice on vocabulary can be found in the word choice archive section of our academic blog. For added peace of mind, you can also have the expert proofreaders at Proofed double-check your work. Simply send us a 500-word sample today and we will proofread it for free.

The discriminatory treatment undergone by the blacks under the Research Paper

The discriminatory treatment undergone by the blacks under the criminal laws of United States - Research Paper Example From this research it is clear that controversial issues related to identity do not always result in wars and other violent forms in the context of handling the particular social issue. The most important impact of social issues falls on people’s lives and also their relations and interactions with others. Social issues can influence various economic and cultural aspects related to lives of people and generate discrimination which challenges the idea of equality in more than one respect. Thus it is related to identity. Social issues are those issues which create significant impacts on human lives and also affect their lifestyles and processes of interactions and building up social, economic, and cultural relations with others. Social issues often increase the intensity of people to create controversy related to any social issue and hence to create greater societal and cultural problem in the society where these people live in. There are various social issues which are creating significant impacts on human lives in modern times, such as suicide, public nudity, gun rights, drug laws, gay marriage, capital punishment etc. These social issues are the most current issues in every life of developed countries which are affecting people’s lives to great extent. The current social issue related to the fact that there is growing discrimination against the black communities living in the country in terms of application of criminal laws on people belonging to black communities.... In the country people belonging to black communities, such as African and African-American communities are facing discriminations from government officials and various legal systems of the country. In order to address social problems in an effective proper understanding of the causes of various behavioral patterns of human beings are very much important. This is because these causes are responsible for creation of greater social problems. Again these different human behaviors depend on various circumstances which people face in their everyday lifestyles (Kizza, 92). These circumstances create human motivations in regard to deal with those particular circumstances. The most important principle of social theory is that the all (mainly different types of) human behavior is finally motivated by the necessity to maintain the identity of the person under consideration. In this context human behaviors can be defined as the process of continuous effort which is related to the maintainace or enhancement of that particular identity (Bracher, 23-24). In simple terms identity can be defined as the sense of the person regarding who is he or she. In technical sense identity can be defined as â€Å"a sense of psychosocial well-being† (Bracher, 24). In this context the notion of social identity is related to the fact that it relates the sense of personal identity of a person with various social conditions and circumstances. Creation of this social identity is very much important in modern times, and also very much visible in American societies (Bracher, 24-25). This necessity to establish a sense of identity is the main concern to a person and this necessity drives the person to become motivated to behave in according manners. In the context of this paper is motivation and